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Contents

  1. About this Book

    1. Ways to Access this Book
    2. What is an OER Textbook?
  2. I. Introduction to Introduction to Philosophy

    1. A. Crash Course™ Introduction

    2. B. The Origins of Philosophy

      1. 1. Ancient Greece
      2. 2. Other Philosophical Traditions

    3. C. Philosophy and Philosophizing

      1. 1. Philosophical argumentation
      2. 2. Core Areas of Philosophical Study

    4. D. Plato’s Apology of Socrates

      1. 1. Introduction to Plato’s Apology 
      2. 2. Apology of Socrates
  3. II. The Nature of Reality and a Well-Lived Life

    1. A. Eros and Appearance versus Reality: Plato’s Symposium

      1. 1. In praise of eros
      2. 2. Introductory Sections and the Speech of Phaedrus
      3. 3. Eros and Arête: The speech of Pausanias
      4. 4. Eros and Cosmos: The Speech of Eryximachus
      5. 5. Soulmates: The Speech of Aristophanes
      6. 6. Goodman’s Speech: The Speech of Agathon
      7. 7. The Philosophical Ascent: The Speech of Socrates
      8. 8. The Truth of Love: The Speech of Alcibiades and the end of the Symposium

    2. B. The Question to the Way: Zhuangzi and the Disputers of the Tao

      1. 1. Disputers of the Dao
      2. 2. Chapter 1, Zhuangzi
      3. 3. Chapter 2, Zhuangzi
      4. 4. Chapter 3, Zhuangzi
      5. 5. Chapter 5, Zhuangzi
      6. 6. Chapter 6, Zhuangzi
      7. 7. Chapter 7, Zhuangzi
  4. III. What Can We Know: Descartes and the Meditations on First Philosophy

    1. A. Meditation One and the Modern World View

      1. 1. Introduction to René Descartes
      2. 2. Meditations on First Philosophy
      3. 3. First Meditation: On what can be called into doubt

    2. B. Meditation Two and the Cogito Argument

      1. 1. Introduction to Meditation Two
      2. 2. Second Meditation: The nature of the human mind, and how it is better known than the body

    3. C. Meditation Three: God and the foundation of knowledge

      1. 1. The Arguments in Meditation III
      2. 2. Reading Meditation Three
      3. 3. Third Meditation: God

    4. D. Meditation Five: God and the foundation of knowledge, the ontological argument

      1. 1. A glance back at Meditation Four
      2. 2. Meditation Five
      3. 3. Fifth Meditation: The essence of material things, and the existence of God considered a second time

    5. E. Meditation Six: Metaphysical Realism and Cartesian Dualism

      1. 1. Introduction to Meditation Six
      2. 2. Sixth Meditation: The existence of material things, and the real distinction between mind and body
  5. IV. Empiricism, Skepticism, and Transcendental Idealism: Hume to Kant

    1. A. Introduction to Part IV

    2. B. Knowledge and Empiricism

      1. 1. Some comments on knowledge
      2. 2. Empiricism

    3. C. Hume’s Fork and Mitigated Skepticism

      1. 1. Introduction: Hume and Kant
      2. 2. Hume and his Fork
      3. 3. The implications of Hume’s Fork

    4. D. Kant’s Transcendental Method

      1. 1. Kant: motivations and his transcendental argument
      2. 2. Kant and the Modern Hume’s Fork
      3. 3. Kant’s Copernican Revolution

    5. E. The Way of Ideas

  6. V. Enlightenment and Existentialism

    1. A. Enlightenment and the Death of God

      1. 1. The European Enlightenment
      2. 2. Kant on Enlightenment
      3. 3. The Death of God

    2. C. Beauvoir and introduction to existentialism

      1. 1. Simone de Beauvoir (1908 – 1986)
      2. 2. Chapter I. Ambiguity and Freedom from The Ethics of Ambiguity, Simone de Beauvoir (1947)

    3. B. Faith and Enlightenment

    4. D. Beauvoir’s Existential Ethics: Beauvoir, Ethics of Ambiguity

      1. 1. Our ambiguous existence
      2. 2. Chapter II. Personal Freedom and Others from The Ethics of Ambiguity. Simone de Beauvoir (1947)
      3. 3. An Existential Ethics?
      4. 4. Chapter III. The Positive Aspect of Ambiguity from The Ethics of Ambiguity
      5. 5. Chapter IV. Conclusion from The Ethics of Ambiguity, Simone de Beauvior (1947)